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Surplus economics is the study of economics based upon the concept that economies operate on the basis of the production of a surplus over basic needs. ==Economic Surplus== By economic surplus is meant all production which is not essential for the continuance of existence. That is to say, all production about which there is a choice as to whether or not it is produced. The economic surplus begins when an economy is first able to produce more than it needs to survive, a surplus to its essentials. Alternative definitions are: # The difference between the value of a society's annual product and its socially necessary cost of production. (Davis, p.1) # The range of economic freedom at its () disposal, extent able to engage in socially discretionary spending that satisfies more than the basic needs of its producers. (Dawson & Foster in Davis, p.45) # Income minus essential consumption requirements. (Lippit in Davis p.81) # The difference between what a society can produce and what a society must produce to reproduce itself. (Standfield in Davis, p.131) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Surplus economics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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